Description

Biology: Life on Earth – 11th Edition Test Bank

Authors: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
ISBN-10: 0134168291 | ISBN-13: 9780134168296

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📘 Introduction to Biology

1. An Introduction to Life on Earth

• Overview of life, characteristics of living organisms, scientific methods, and the study of biology.

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🧬 Part I: The Life of the Cell

2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life

• Basic chemistry of life, atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds.

3. Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and their biological roles.

4. Cell Structure and Function

• Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, organelles, and cellular architecture.

5. Cell Membrane Structure and Function

• Membrane composition, transport mechanisms, and cell communication.

6. Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

• Metabolism, enzymes, and energy transformation in living cells.

7. Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

• Light reactions, Calvin cycle, and energy capture in plants and algae.

8. Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

• Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and ATP production.

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🧬 Part II: Inheritance

9. The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

• Mitosis, meiosis, and the cell cycle.

10. Patterns of Inheritance

• Mendelian genetics, inheritance patterns, and Punnett squares.

11. DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

• Structure, replication, and function of DNA.

12. Gene Expression and Regulation

• Transcription, translation, and gene regulatory mechanisms.

13. Biotechnology

• Genetic engineering, cloning, CRISPR, and applications in medicine.

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🌍 Part III: Evolution and Diversity of Life

14. Principles of Evolution

• Natural selection, adaptation, and evolutionary theory.

15. How Populations Evolve

• Genetic drift, gene flow, and population genetics.

16. The Origin of Species

• Speciation, reproductive isolation, and evolutionary processes.

17. The History of Life

• Fossil record, major events, and the timeline of life.

18. Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

• Taxonomy, phylogenetics, and classification of organisms.

19. The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

• Bacteria, archaea, and viral structures and life cycles.

20. The Diversity of Protists

• Major groups, ecological roles, and evolutionary significance.

21. The Diversity of Plants

• From mosses to flowering plants: structure, reproduction, and evolution.

22. The Diversity of Fungi

• Fungal groups, life cycles, and ecological importance.

23. Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

• Sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, arthropods, and other invertebrates.

24. Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

• Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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🌱 Part IV: Behavior and Ecology

25. Animal Behavior – instincts, learning, communication.
26. Population Growth and Regulation – logistic/exponential growth, limiting factors.
27. Community Interactions – predation, competition, symbiosis.
28. Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems – food webs, biogeochemical cycles.
29. Earth’s Diverse Ecosystems – forests, deserts, wetlands, aquatic ecosystems.
30. Conserving Earth’s Biodiversity – conservation strategies, endangered species, habitat protection.

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💉 Part V: Animal Anatomy and Physiology

31. Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

• Levels of organization, feedback mechanisms.

32. Circulation – heart, blood vessels, and circulation types.
33. Respiration – respiratory systems, gas exchange.
34. Nutrition and Digestion – digestive organs, nutrient absorption.
35. The Urinary System – kidneys, excretion, and osmoregulation.
36. Defense Against Disease – immune system, pathogens, and immunity.
37. Chemical Control of the Animal Body: The Endocrine System – hormones and regulation.
38. The Nervous System – neuron structure, signal transmission, brain, and spinal cord.
39. The Senses – vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.
40. Action and Support: The Muscles and Skeleton – locomotion, muscle types, skeletal system.
41. Animal Reproduction – reproductive organs, gametogenesis, and mating strategies.
42. Animal Development – fertilization, embryogenesis, and metamorphosis.

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🌿 Part VI: Plant Anatomy and Physiology

43. Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport – roots, stems, leaves, xylem, phloem.
44. Plant Reproduction and Development – flowers, pollination, seed development.
45. Plant Responses to the Environment – tropisms, hormones, and adaptations.

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